Europe’s water infrastructure is under pressure. How can we invest wisely?

Europe’s water infrastructure is facing a major transformation. Ageing assets, climate change, changing needs and stricter standards are increasing the need for future-proof water systems. These systems must operate reliably today while remaining resilient, flexible and efficient for decades to come. Find out more in the latest Urban Insight report, Old Pipes, New Pressures: Transforming Europe’s Water Infrastructure.

Opportunities for future-proof water infrastructure

The European Commission estimates the annual investment shortfall in the EU water sector at around €23 billion.

However, simply investing more money is not enough. The key is to direct available resources towards the areas where they will create the greatest long-term value.

Water infrastructure is ageing faster than it is being renewed

Using EurEau’s 2026 data on annual investment levels, Sweco calculated how long it would take to renew drinking water networks at current rates of investment.

The findings reveal a significant gap between the pace of renewal and the rate at which infrastructure is ageing. In Belgium, the estimated replacement cycle is around 90 years; in countries such as Lithuania, it exceeds 1,000 years.

These figures highlight the potential for a smarter approach to investment. The oldest infrastructure does not necessarily need to be replaced first. More importantly, investment decisions should focus on where renewal is most urgently needed and where it can make the greatest difference. Factors include the condition of the infrastructure, its importance to service provision, the potential impact of failure and increasing climate risks.

How data can improve decision-making

A range of Sweco projects across Europe demonstrates how data, modelling and multidisciplinary expertise can help target investment more effectively.

Sound decisions about water start with a clear understanding of the system. That means measuring first, collecting data and understanding what is really happening. Only with that foundation can you optimise and automate effectively. In Belgium, we help clients establish reliable, continuous data streams, enabling them to make better-informed decisions.

Noémi Van Bogaert, Water Expert 

Project De Zegge

In the De Zegge area (peilgebied), we are supporting the Province of Antwerp and the Flemish Environment Agency (VMM) in the hydrological restoration of the Kleine Nete valley. Measured groundwater and surface-water data provide the basis for the design of a legally binding water-level decision, setting out agreements on the target water levels.

Continuous monitoring enables water managers to adapt their approach to the needs of nature, agriculture and water safety. In this way, a data-driven approach helps retain water for longer, reduce the risks of drought and flooding, and restore nature in De Zegge.

Renewing drinking water production at De Watergroep

Since 2017, we have been supporting De Watergroep, Flanders’ largest drinking water company, in modernising its water production centres. Our multidisciplinary teams design and supervise electrical, electromechanical and civil engineering works. Among other things, we upgrade and standardise chemical storage and dosing systems, and deliver electrical and process improvements, including at the Zillebeke water production centre.

At De Blankaart, we installed a peroxide dosing system and renovated the pre-treatment building, extending its operational lifespan by fifteen years. We are also leading the study and design for the thorough renovation of a large reservoir, which is expected to remain operational for another fifty years. A phased approach ensured uninterrupted drinking water production throughout the works. At the same time, the upgrades improve the installations’ reliability, safety and treatment performance.